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Heart Failure: Difference between revisions
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== Definition and diagnosis == | == Definition and diagnosis == | ||
=== | {| class="wikitable" border="1" width="600" align="left" style="float: right" | ||
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| style="border-top: 0; border-bottom: 0; background-color: white;" | '''Table 1. Definition of heart failure''' | |||
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| style="border-top: 0; border-bottom: 0; background-color: #CCCCFF;" | '''Heart failure is a clinical syndrome in which patients have the following features:''' | |||
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Heart failure is a clinical syndrome in which patients have the following features: | | style="border-top: 0; border-bottom: 0; background-color: white;" | | ||
* Symptoms typical of heart failure | |||
(breathlessness at rest or during exercise, fatigue, tiredness, ankle swelling) | (breathlessness at rest or during exercise, fatigue, tiredness, ankle swelling) | ||
and | |- | ||
| style="border-top: 0; border-bottom: 0; background-color: #CCCCFF;" | '''and''' | |||
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| style="border-top: 0; border-bottom: 0; background-color: white;" | | |||
* Signs typical of heart failure | |||
(tachycardia, tachypnoea, pulmonary rales, pleural effusion, raised jugular venous pressure, peripheral edema, hepatomegaly) | (tachycardia, tachypnoea, pulmonary rales, pleural effusion, raised jugular venous pressure, peripheral edema, hepatomegaly) | ||
and | |- | ||
| style="border-top: 0; border-bottom: 0; background-color: #CCCCFF;" | '''and''' | |||
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| style="border-top: 0; background-color: white;" | | |||
* Objective evidence of a structural or functional abnormality of the heart at rest | |||
(cardiomegaly, third heart sound, cardiac murmurs, abnormality on the electrocardiogram, raised natriuretic peptide concentration) | (cardiomegaly, third heart sound, cardiac murmurs, abnormality on the electrocardiogram, raised natriuretic peptide concentration) | ||
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=== Definition of heart failure === | |||
The term heart failure (HF) (or decompensatio cordis) basically describes an acute or chronic situation in which the amount of blood pumped through the circulation by the heart, is insufficient to meet the body’s demands. It is a complex syndrome highlighted by several features including haemodynamics, oxygen consumption and exercise capacity. According to the guidelines of the European Society of Cardiology, HF is defined as a syndrome in which the patient should have the following threefold of features: symptoms of typical of HF; signs typical of HF; and objective evidence of a structural or functional abnormality of the heart at rest (Table 1). | |||
=== Acute and chronic heart failure === | === Acute and chronic heart failure === | ||