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Myocardial Infarction: Difference between revisions
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== History == | == History == | ||
The most typical characteristic of an ACS is acute prolonged chest pain. <Cite>REFNAME2</Cite> The pain does not decrease at rest and is only temporarily relieved with nitroglycerin. Frequent accompanying symptoms include a radiating pain to shoulder, arm, back and/or jaw. <Cite>REFNAME3</Cite> Shortness of breath can occur, as well as sweating, fainting, nausea and vomiting, so called vegetative symptoms. Some patient groups like elderly and diabetics might present with aspecific symptoms. <Cite>REFNAME4</Cite>, <Cite>REFNAME5</Cite> | The most typical characteristic of an ACS is acute prolonged chest pain. <Cite>REFNAME2</Cite> The pain does not decrease at rest and is only temporarily relieved with nitroglycerin. Frequent accompanying symptoms include a radiating pain to shoulder, arm, back and/or jaw. <Cite>REFNAME3</Cite> Shortness of breath can occur, as well as sweating, fainting, nausea and vomiting, so called vegetative symptoms. Some patient groups like elderly and diabetics might present with aspecific symptoms. <Cite>REFNAME4</Cite>, <Cite>REFNAME5</Cite> | ||
It is important to complete the history with information about the medical history (prior history of ischemic events or vascular disease), risk factors for cardiovascular disease (a.o. diabetes mellitus, current smoking, hypertension, hyperlipidemia) and family history (first degree relatives with myocardial infarction before the age 55 of (males) or 65 (females) and/or sudden cardiac death). <Cite>REFNAME6</Cite> | It is important to complete the history with information about the medical history (prior history of ischemic events or vascular disease), risk factors for cardiovascular disease (a.o. diabetes mellitus, current smoking, hypertension, hyperlipidemia) and family history (first degree relatives with myocardial infarction before the age 55 of (males) or 65 (females) and/or sudden cardiac death). <Cite>REFNAME6</Cite> | ||
Symptoms of heart failure such as orthopnea (dyspnoea when lying flat), progressive dyspnoea and peripheral oedema are indicative for the extent of the problem. <Cite>REFNAME7</Cite> | Symptoms of heart failure such as orthopnea (dyspnoea when lying flat), progressive dyspnoea and peripheral oedema are indicative for the extent of the problem. <Cite>REFNAME7</Cite> | ||
== Physical Examination == | == Physical Examination == | ||