Syncope: Difference between revisions

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Syncope (view source)

Revision as of 06:28, 13 October 2011

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Syncope can be classified into:
Syncope can be classified into:


* '''Reflex syncope'''
[[File:Syncope_class.svg]]
** Vasovagal
*** mediated by orthostatic or emotional stress
** Situational
*** Cough
*** Sneeze
*** Gastro-intestinal (swallow, defaecation, visceral pain)
*** Micturation
*** Post-exercise
*** Post-prandial
*** Others (e.g. laugh, brass instrument playing, weightlifting)
** Carotid sinus syncope
** Atypical forms
***without apparent triggers and/or atypical presentation
* '''Syncope due to orthostatic hypotension'''
** Primary autonomic failure
*** Pure autonomic failure
*** Multiple system atrophy
*** Parkinson's disease with autonomic failure
*** Lewy body dementia
** Secondary autonomic failure
*** Diabetes
*** Amyloidosis
*** Uraemia
*** Spinal cord injuries
** Drug induced orthostatic hypotension
*** Alcohol, vasodilators, diuretics, phenotiazines, antidepressants
** Volume depletion
*** Haemorrhage, diarrhoea, vomiting etc.
* '''Cardiac syncope'''
** Arrhythmias
*** Bradycardia: sinus node dysfunction, atrio-ventricular conduction system disease, implanted device malfunction.
*** Tachycardia: supraventricular, ventricular (idiopathic, secondary to structural heart disease or to channelopathies)
*** Drug-induced arrhythmias
** Structural heart disease
*** Cardiac: cardiac valvular disease (or prosthetic valve dysfunction), acute myocardial infarction/ischemia, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, cardiac masses, pericardial disease/tamponade, congenital anomalies of coronary arteries
*** Other: pulmonary embolus, acute aortic dissection, pulmonary hypertension


===Pathophysiology===
===Pathophysiology===
Secretariat
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