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Cardiac Arrest: Difference between revisions
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==Basic Life Support (BLS)== | ==Basic Life Support (BLS)== | ||
To increase survival after cardiac arrest it is vital to decrease the time to resuscitation. The training of persons in BLS can increase bystander participation in performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). A straightforward protocol has been created to execute BLS. The following steps can be followed to perform BLS.<cite>Koster2</cite> | To increase survival after cardiac arrest it is vital to decrease the time to resuscitation. The training of persons in BLS can increase bystander participation in performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). When non-arrest victims inadvertently recieve CPR it is extremely rare to inflict serious harm (2% suffered a fracture). Furthermore the risk of disease transmission is extremly low, especcialy without high-risk activities as intravenous canulation. A straightforward protocol has been created to execute BLS. The following steps can be followed to perform BLS.<cite>Koster2</cite> | ||
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If at any stage the patient is consciousness, has normal ventilation or recovers consciousness find out what is wrong with the person and get help if needed. Repeated reassessment is necessary to detected deterioration of the patients condition. | If at any stage the patient is consciousness, has normal ventilation or recovers consciousness find out what is wrong with the person and get help if needed. Repeated reassessment is necessary to detected deterioration of the patients condition. | ||
====Foreign body airway obstruction==== | |||
====Basic life support in children==== | |||
In general the BLS algorhythm is similar in the same in children as in adults. However due to the different underlying pathology of cardiac arrest and the size of childeren, small differnces can be incorporated. Firstly, as pulmonary causes for cardiac arrest are more frequent, the BLS can be started with 5 initial rescue breaths before starting with the chest compressions. The chest compressions should compress the chest at least one third of the depth. The chest compressions can be performed with one or two hads for a child over 1 year, but with 2 finger for an infant under 1 year. | |||
====Automatic external defibrillator (AED)==== | ====Automatic external defibrillator (AED)==== | ||
The automatic external defibrillator is a complex device that analyses the rhythm of patients and can deliver a shock to defibrillate patients. It detect whether a patient has ventricular fibrillation or a different arrhythmia. When it detects a shockable rhythm it advises the user to deliver the shock, all settings are automatically adjusted. It also remembers the course of events so that the tracing can be recovered and analysed after the resuscitation. | The automatic external defibrillator is a complex device that analyses the rhythm of patients and can deliver a shock to defibrillate patients. It detect whether a patient has ventricular fibrillation or a different arrhythmia. When it detects a shockable rhythm it advises the user to deliver the shock, all settings are automatically adjusted. It also remembers the course of events so that the tracing can be recovered and analysed after the resuscitation. | ||
When the AED is attached during BLS let the AED assess the rhythm. Do not manipulate the person while the AED assess the rhythm to prevent motion artefact disturbing the detection algorithm. Follow the instructions of the AED, this can be either a shock or no shock. After shock or non-shock immediately continue with chest compressions and rescue breaths. Continue the CPR until the AED rechecks the rhythm. | When the AED is attached during BLS let the AED assess the rhythm. Do not manipulate the person while the AED assess the rhythm to prevent motion artefact disturbing the detection algorithm. Follow the instructions of the AED, this can be either a shock or no shock. After shock or non-shock immediately continue with chest compressions and rescue breaths. Continue the CPR until the AED rechecks the rhythm. Standerd AED are usable for children older than 8 years, special pediatric pads and AED mode should be used in younger children.[Deakin3] | ||
==Advanced Life Support (ALS)== | ==Advanced Life Support (ALS)== | ||