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Anatomy of the Heart: Difference between revisions
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[[Image:Figure1.jpg|right|thumb| | [[Image:Figure1.jpg|300px|right|thumb|Figure 1.<br> | ||
== {{int:filedesc}} == | |||
{{Information | |||
|Description= The endocast is viewed from 5 different perspectives to demonstrate the spatial relationship between right (coloured blue) and left (coloured red) heart chambers and between atria and ventricles. The blue and white arrows represent the right and left ventricular outflow tracts respectively. | |||
|Source= provided by S. Yen Ho, PhD FRCPath FESC FHEA, Royal Brompton Hospital, UK | |||
|Date= 2012 | |||
|Author= S. Yen Ho, PhD FRCPath FESC FHEA, Royal Brompton Hospital, UK | |||
|Permission= | |||
|other_versions= | |||
}} | |||
]] | |||
<big>Cardiac Anatomy</big> | <big>Cardiac Anatomy</big> | ||
S. Yen Ho, ''PhD FRCPath FESC FHEA'' | '''S. Yen Ho,''' ''PhD FRCPath FESC FHEA'' | ||
Royal Brompton Hospital | Royal Brompton Hospital | ||
Traditionally, the heart is described as having left heart and right heart chambers. Current imaging techniques can show in exquisite detail the heart in its anatomical position inside the living patient’s chest and demonstrate the convoluted arrangement of ‘right’ heart chambers relative to ‘left’ heart chambers and the fact that right heart chambers are not strictly right-sided nor are left heart chambers left-sided. These important relationships of the chambers can be replicated with an endocast (Figure 1). In cardiac anatomy, knowledge of the relative disposition of the cardiac chambers is as relevant as the intrinsic chamber morphology. This review considers the cardiac chambers, coronary arteries and the conduction system. | Traditionally, the heart is described as having left heart and right heart chambers. Current imaging techniques can show in exquisite detail the heart in its anatomical position inside the living patient’s chest and demonstrate the convoluted arrangement of ‘right’ heart chambers relative to ‘left’ heart chambers and the fact that right heart chambers are not strictly right-sided nor are left heart chambers left-sided. These important relationships of the chambers can be replicated with an endocast (Figure 1). In cardiac anatomy, knowledge of the relative disposition of the cardiac chambers is as relevant as the intrinsic chamber morphology. This review considers the cardiac chambers, coronary arteries and the conduction system. | ||
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==Position of the heart== | ==Position of the heart== | ||
[[Image:Figure 2.jpg|thumb| | [[Image:Figure 2.jpg|300px|left|thumb|Figure 2.<br> | ||
== {{int:filedesc}} == | |||
{{Information | |||
|Description= The long axis of the heart is at an angle to the long axis of the body. Approximately a third of the heart is to the right of the midline of the sternum and the remainder is to the left of the midline. | |||
|Source= provided by S. Yen Ho, PhD FRCPath FESC FHEA, Royal Brompton Hospital, UK | |||
|Date= 2012 | |||
|Author= S. Yen Ho, PhD FRCPath FESC FHEA, Royal Brompton Hospital, UK | |||
|Permission= | |||
|other_versions= | |||
}} | |||
]] | |||
The cardiac silhouette is generally taken to be trapezoidal in shape. The rib cage provides good markers for charting the cardiac silhouette. The normal position of the cardiac apex is generally taken to be in the fifth intercostal space in the mid-clavicular line. The lower border is a nearly horizontal line in the area of the left sixth rib to the right sixth costal cartilage (Figure 2). The upper border is hidden behind the sternum at the level of the second and third cartilages. The right margin of the heart peeps out behind the right border of the sternum between the right third and sixth cartilages. In the infant, the upper part of the cardiac shadow is broad owing to the prominence of the overlying thymus gland. | The cardiac silhouette is generally taken to be trapezoidal in shape. The rib cage provides good markers for charting the cardiac silhouette. The normal position of the cardiac apex is generally taken to be in the fifth intercostal space in the mid-clavicular line. The lower border is a nearly horizontal line in the area of the left sixth rib to the right sixth costal cartilage (Figure 2). The upper border is hidden behind the sternum at the level of the second and third cartilages. The right margin of the heart peeps out behind the right border of the sternum between the right third and sixth cartilages. In the infant, the upper part of the cardiac shadow is broad owing to the prominence of the overlying thymus gland. | ||