467
edits
Cardiac Pharmacology: Difference between revisions
no edit summary
No edit summary |
No edit summary |
||
| Line 346: | Line 346: | ||
| | | | ||
|ACE Inhibitors | |ACE Inhibitors | ||
|Captopril | |Captopril, monopril | ||
|Hypertension | |Hypertension | ||
|Captopril: 12.5mg twice daily | |Captopril: 12.5mg twice daily | ||
| Line 379: | Line 378: | ||
| | | | ||
|Angiotensin Receptor Blockers | |Angiotensin Receptor Blockers | ||
|Losartan | |Losartan, candesartan | ||
|Hypertension | |Hypertension | ||
|Losartan: 50mg once daily | |Losartan: 50mg once daily | ||
| Line 389: | Line 388: | ||
| | | | ||
|Left ventricular hypertrophy | |Left ventricular hypertrophy | ||
|Losartan: 12.5-150mg daily | |Losartan: 12.5-150mg daily<cite>Esc10</cite> | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Line 439: | Line 436: | ||
| | | | ||
|Angina | |Angina | ||
|Atenolol: 100mg once/twice daily | |Atenolol: 100mg once/twice daily<cite>Esc11</cite><cite>Esc12</cite> | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Line 452: | Line 444: | ||
| | | | ||
|Arrhythmias | |Arrhythmias | ||
|Atenolol: 50-100mg daily | |Atenolol: 50-100mg daily<cite>Esc13</cite><cite>Esc14</cite><cite>Acc15</cite> | ||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Line 497: | Line 461: | ||
|Hypertension | |Hypertension | ||
|Nifedipine: 20-30mg once daily | |Nifedipine: 20-30mg once daily | ||
| | | | ||
|Gastro-intestinal disturbance (2-11%); hypotension (1-5%), oedema (7-29%), vasodilatation, palpitation; headache (7-35%), dizziness (3-27%), lethargy (4-6%), asthenia (10-12%); less commonly tachycardia (<1-7%), syncope (<1%), chills, nasal congestion, dyspnoea (<3%), anxiety, sleep disturbance (<2%), vertigo (<3%), migraine, paraesthesia, tremor (1-8%), polyuria, dysuria, nocturia, erectile dysfunction (<2%), epistaxis, myalgia, joint swelling, visual disturbance (<2%), sweating (<2%), hypersensitivity reactions (<1%); rarely anorexia, gum hyperplasia, mood disturbances, hyperglycaemia, male infertility, purpura (<1%), and photosensitivity reactions (<1%); also reported dysphagia, intestinal obstruction, intestinal ulcer, bezoar formation, gynaecomastia, agranulocytosis, and anaphylaxis;<cite>Esc16</cite> | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| Line 514: | Line 476: | ||
| | | | ||
|Angina (prophylaxis) | |Angina (prophylaxis) | ||
|Nifedipine: 5-20mg 3 times daily | |Nifedipine: 5-20mg 3 times daily<cite>17</cite> | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Line 755: | Line 715: | ||
#Esc8 ESC and EASD Guidelines (European Heart Journal doi: 10.1093/eurheart/ehl261): Hypertension: Class IA | #Esc8 ESC and EASD Guidelines (European Heart Journal doi: 10.1093/eurheart/ehl261): Hypertension: Class IA | ||
#Esc9 ESC Guidelines: (European Heart Journal doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehs092): Hypertension in diabetics: Class IA | #Esc9 ESC Guidelines: (European Heart Journal doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehs092): Hypertension in diabetics: Class IA | ||
#Esc10 ESC Guidelines (European Heart Journal (2012) 33, 2569–2619 doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehs215): LVH: Class IB | |||
#Esc11 ESC and EASD Guidelines (European Heart Journal doi: 10.1093/eurheart/ehl261) ACS: Class IIaB | |||
#Esc12 ESC Guidelines (European Heart Journal doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehs104): Angina in symptomatic (NYHA class II-IV) HF and LVD: Class IA | |||
#Esc13 ESC Guidelines (European Heart Journal (2012) 33, 2569–2619 doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehs215): Atrial fibrillation: Class IA; Polymorphic VT: Class IB | |||
#Esc14 ESC Guidelines (European Heart Journal doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehs104): Symptomatic (NYHA class II-IV) HF, LVD and AF: Class IA; Management of VA in HF: Class IA | |||
#Acc15 ACC/AHA/ESC Guidelines (Blomström-Lundqvist and Scheinman et al. 2003): SVT: Class IIbC; Wide QRS-complex tachycardia of unknown origin: Class IIIC; Sinus tachycardia: Class IC; Poorly tolerated AVNRT with haemodynamic intolerance: Class IIaC; Recurrent symptomatic AVNRT: Class IC; Documented PSVT with only dual AV-nodal pathways or single echo beats demonstrated during electrophysiological study and no other identified cause of arrhythmia: Class IC; Infrequent, well tolerated AVNRT: Class IB; Focal junction tachycardia: Class IIaC; Nonparoxysmal junctional tachycardia: Class IIaC; WPW Syndrome: Class IIaC; AVRT, poorly tolerated: Class IIbC; Since or infrequent AVRT episode(s): Class IIaB; Acute treatment of Focal Atrial Tachycardia: Class IIaC; Prophylactic therapy for AT: Class IC; AF (Poorly tolerated): Class IIaC; AF (Stable flutter): Class IC; Prophylaxis of SVT during pregnancy: Class IIaB | |||
#Esc16 ESC Guidelines (European Heart Journal doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehs104): Hypertension in symptomatic (NYHA class II-IV) HF and LVD: Class IA | |||
#Esc17 ESC Guidelines (European Heart Journal doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehs104): Angina in symptomatic (NYHA class II-IV) HF and LVD: Class IIaA | |||