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Introduction

Bradycardias are defined as symptomatic heart rhythm disorders resulting in a inappropriately low heart rhythm during during physiologic conditions. Generally this results in a cut-off value of <50 beats per minute, however variation of normal heart rate may exist. For instance, during sleep and in athletes the heart rate can be as low as 40 beats per minute.

Bradycardia can be caused by a variety of intrinsic and extrinsic causes.

To understand the pathophysiologic basis of most conduction disorders or disorders of impulse formation it is important to understand the physiology of cardiac conduction and mechanisms of arrhythmia as detailed in the general cardiac arrhythmia section [Link].

Sinus Node Dysfunction

Sinus Bradycardia

Sinus Arrhythmia

Sinus Node Exit Block

Sinus Arrest

Sick Sinus Syndrome

AV-Block

First Degree AV Block

Second Degree AV Block

Mobitz I (Wenkebach)

Mobitz II

Third Degree AV Block

Ventricular Conduction Block

RBBB

LBBB

LAFB

LPFB

Bi- or Tri-fasicular block